We use the IPA: International Phonetic Alphabet.
It is a system of phonetic signs that presents almost all sounds in all language.
Below is a good list of IPA-signs, that can be used when learning Arabic:
| IPA | Like | E.g | Listen | Letter | ||
| ʔ | a |
[ʔebræ] إبرة |
|
ء | ||
| a/aː æ |
a | [bab] باب [bær]بَر |
|
ا َ |
||
| θ | Th in tooth | [θæwub] ثوب |
ث | |||
| dʒ | G in Germany | [dʒameʕ] جامع | ج | |||
| ħ | [ħesab] حساب | ح | ||||
| x |
[χæroːf] خروف | خ | ||||
| ð | Th in this | [ðubab] ذباب | ذ | |||
| r | [ræb] رب | ر | ||||
| z |
[zæjton] زيتون |
ز | ||||
| ʃ | Sh in shine | [ʃæjæræ] شجرة | ش | |||
| sˤ | S in sun | [sˤændoːq] صندوق |
ص | |||
| dˤ | [dˤæmeer] ضمير | ض | ||||
| tˤ | [tˤæjr] طير | ط | ||||
| zˤ | [zˤærf] ظرف | ظ | ||||
| ʕ | [ʕenæb] عنب | ع | ||||
| ɣ | [ɣæjmæ] غيمة | غ | ||||
| q | C in scar | [quran] قرآن | |
ق | ||
| w | Wh in what | [wærdæ] وردة | و | |||
| o/u oː/uː |
O in phone | [noːr] نور | ||||
| j | Y i yes | [jem] يم | |
ي |
||
|
e/i eː/iː |
– | [kursi] كرسي | ||||
| ˈ | ||||||
Here is sound found in other language than Arabic.
B ب
T ت
D د
S س
F ف
K ك
L ل
M م
N ن
H هـ
More about IPA.